In the majority of countries, the rights obtained over a trademark are created by its use and/or its registration. Mexican law follows a mixed or exception system. In effect, the right to the exclusive use of a trademark is obtained by means of its registration, which protects certain products or services (the principle of specificity of products or services); however, its use also produces legal effects before and after the registration ...
Under the current law, for an organisation to be liable for a fatality the 'identification' principle must apply. This first requires an individual to be personally guilty of the wrongdoing. This individual must then be identified as the "controlling mind" of the company. There are several problems with the current system. It is often impossible to identify the "controlling mind" behind the decision which results in the death ...
Enron, WorldCom, Tyco International and Parmalat: names associated with tales of corruption, mismanagement and financial irregularity. But these names are now also synonymous with something else: a raft of reforms to company regulation worldwide. Two such reforms being felt in the UK are the Companies (Audit, Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004, and the FTSE Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) Corporate Governance Index Series ...
This paper is about the role of the pension and benefits lawyer in the context of a merger or acquisition. The paper profiles several recent high profile corporate transactions where pension issues played unexpectedly significant roles. These provide potent examples of how the pension and benefits lawyer should be consulted early on in the transaction process ...
General overview What legislation governs M&A activity in your jurisdiction? M&A activities in Taiwan are primarily governed by the Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions Law, the Securities and Exchange Law, the Company Law, the Fair Trade Law and the Regulations Governing Tender Offers for Purchase of the Securities of a Public Company ...
2004 has again been a very busy year on the M&A and Corporate Finance front, with the building materials, financial services, media and the property sectors dominating. The take private arena has been particularly active. Having been privatised in 2002, eircom was floated again earlier in the year with a market capitalisation of €1.1 billion ...
Outsourcing is not a new phenomenon. As business processes become more complex and costly many Irish companies are concentrating on their core activities and handing over responsibility for running expensive systems and managing large numbers of employees to expert third parties, for an agreed price. Irish companies are also increasingly outsourcing for strategic reasons, looking to leverage the specialist expertise of service providers to open new product and market opportunities ...
In part two of his article on Near and Offshore Outsourcings Dominic Conlon of A&L Goodbody sets out a list of issues which should be considered by any company looking to outsource its service requirements to a provider based in a foreign jurisdiction ...
Limited Companies (LCs) and Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) are corporate structures that exist as separate legal entities and afford members limited liability. LCs and LLPs can enter into contracts, hold property, sue and be sued, grant fixed and floating charges and are subject to similar disclosure, accounting and filing requirements. The main distinction between them is that while an LC is treated as a taxable entity an LLP’s members are taxed as individuals ...
Summary • The directors’ duty of care (objective standard) • The directors’ duty of loyalty does not extend to creditors • The duty of care extends to other beneficiaries beyond the corporation • Corporate governance = shield against directors’ liability • In the United States, directors are forced to contribute their personal funds toward settlements • Changes are made to the proposed corporate governance rules and guidelines • Our April 2004 bulletin was updated in January 2005 to ref
Foreign arbitral awards and court judgments in Lithuania may be enforced only after having been recognised and authorised for enforcement by the Court of Appeals of Lithuania, an authority empowered by the State to recognise awards/judgments and authorise their enforcement ...
This Newsletter describes the latest developments in Trade and Regulation in the Latin American region and the EU ...
The State Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce recently revised two key catalogues regarding foreign investment. The Catalogue of Priority Industries for Foreign Investment in the Central and Western Regions (the “Regional Catalogue”) was revised on 23 July 2004. The revised Regional Catalogue replaces the 2000 version with effect from 1 September 2004 ...
The State Development and Reform Commission (“SDRC”) promulgated the Provisional Measures for the Administration of the Verification of Foreign Investment Projects on 9 October 2004. The Provisional Measures, which entered into effect on the date of their promulgation, are based on the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Licensing and the Decision of the State Council on the Reform of the Investment System (as discussed respectively in the No ...
The Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”) promulgated the Regulations on the Investment in and Establishment of Holding Companies by Foreign Business Entities on 17 November 2004. The Regulations, which became effective on 17 December 2004, revise regulations of the same name promulgated in 2004 (as discussed in the 2004.2 issue of China Legal Update) (the “Original Regulations”) ...
The Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”) promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Commercial Franchise Operations on 31 December 2004. The Measures, which came into force on 1 February 2005, replace the 1997 Measures for the Administration of Commercial Franchise Operations (for Trial Implementation) which only governed franchising involving domestic operators ...
The National Bureau of Statistics promulgated the Measures of the National Bureau of Statistics for the Administration of Foreign-related Surveys 13 October 2004. The Measures, which came into force on the date on which they were promulgated, replace the 1999 Provisional Measures of the National Bureau of Statistics for the Administration of Foreign-related Social Surveys ...
The State Administration of Taxation issued the Urgent Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Relevant Issues in Strengthening the Administration of the Levy and Collection of Value-Added Tax for Newly Established Commercial and Trading Enterprises on 13 August 2004 ...
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues in the Internal Operational Control of Foreign Exchange of Multinational Corporations on 18 October 2004. The Notice, which became effective on 1 November 2004, relaxes some of the restrictions on foreign exchange transfers between subsidiaries of multinational companies ...
The State Administration of Taxation revised the Rules for the Administration of Tax on Business Transactions Between Affiliated Enterprises (for Trial Implementation) effect from 22 October 2004. The Rules replace a regulation of the same name issued in 1998 (“1998 Rules”). Expanded scope of application The Rules have a wider scope of application than the 1998 Rules ...
The State Administration of Taxation (“SAT”) issued the Implementing Rules for Advance Pricing Arrangements for Business Dealings Between Affiliated Enterprises (for Trial Implementation) on 3 September 2004. The Implementing Rules, which became effective on the date on which they were issued, represent another development in China’s legal framework for transfer pricing (see previous article in this China Legal Update) ...
The Securities Commission of Malaysia released new guidelines on real estate investment trusts (REITs Guidelines) on 3 January 2005. The REITs Guidelines supersede earlier guidelines on property trust funds published in November 2002. The key features of the REITs Guidelines include the liberalisation of borrowing limits as well as the relaxation of restrictions under the old guidelines on the acquisition of leasehold properties and properties encumbered by financial charges ...
On 2 December 2004, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published a new rule and rule amendments under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (IAA), with significant implications for hedge fund advisers within and outside the U.S. The new rules require investment advisers to “look through” the funds they manage and count investors in the funds as clients for the purpose of determining whether an adviser is exempt from registration under the “private adviser exemption” ...
The Taiwan Securities and Futures Bureau issued an Order on 31 January 2005 increasing the limit on investment in PRC related securities by foreign funds offered by SICEs from 5% to 10% of the fund’s net asset value (NAV). The Order makes no change to the restriction on an offshore fund’s investments in securities issued in Mainland China which remains capped at 0.4% of the fund’s NAV ...
